Electronisme - Essay   Chapter VII Other Theories & mathematics   7.1 - The knowledge and diffusion, 7.2 - History of sciences, 7,3 - The Big bang, 7.4 - Quantum Mechanics, 7.5 - Antimatter, 7.6 - Mathematics and Informatique May 2016  7,1 - The knowledge and its diffusion It is always difficult to find the origin of ideas and physics theories and their exact terms that would allow to well understand them. Facts are explained by scientists, then some phrases that seem important, are repeated by all extension popularizers and journalists. They take all or part - with very frequent risk of changing the meaning - spectacular formulas or easy to understand even if they are not fair. This is the case for Einstein and his theory of relativity, antimatter appeared with Paul Dirac, light and frequencies of particles, electric and magnetic fields and the last, the Higgs field with its boson. Extension workers, scientists or journalists write for their readers and their own reputation and to the truth that they know or wish to distribute. Some pictures with words or drawings are classics, such as cake and grapes to show some expansion of space, or the light which cannot escape from a black hole despite his good will… certainly. The deformations of extension workers and journalists become more important than scientific truths that are hidden and disappear. Scholars and other curious then based on what seems true because it is of all known by everybody and new directions, often false, make the whole uncomprehending. Many scholars and not the least known, then direct their research to philosophy, a discipline in which the key is to ask questions, not to find answers, because everyone has his own, indisputable. No Physics or new idea can appear because everything is blocked by a complicated system of dissemination of scientific information which was gradually transformed into an economic package that empowers research. This concerns its organization and financing, economic and political environment and the lives and careers of scientists. Scientists aspire to free diffusion of information on research in general, and their results. Currently, it is not, because the agencies that sort, manage and file in archives are too related to business-in charge of distribution. Nothing is accepted in archive before control by "peers" secretly chosen by these organizations. Then, additional sorting is done by the "media" that disseminate and publish such information, according to their ideas about topics and taking into account not researchers or even the public, but the need for sensational news and their economic and financial interests. In early 2016, it appeared, with the LHC, rumours of a possible major discovery. Two hundred researchers wrote their observations or conclusions. The usual publisher could not distribute but only four. It was he who chose them. On the criteria defined for him by strangers. Thus science research is oriented. To try bearing all or part of the disadvantages of the system, research or educational organizations create their own open archive system under their control, available to certain categories of researchers and technicians in well-established standards that give the scientific orientation of the moment in these organism. Each implicitly sets its science and the knowledge is confined in countless places, independent of each other or centralizing agencies, which technicians and scientists out of their norms cannot participate. This results in a loss of all general scientific research. Rules and barriers are necessary, but they cannot be fixed by private or state companies that broadcast their information and medals according to their criteria or reputation that are not necessarily scientistic. It is a difficult global problem that all scientists are aware, but nobody feels empowered to resolve themselves or has the capacity to do this study. It does not appear to archive organization that would easily find the latest research on specific topics in the various sciences. It could list all available archives in science, according to internationally established criteria. Only a United Nations agency could create an institution of this kind. This might be asked UNESCO, already in charge of Science and Education.  7,2 - The History of Sciences Studies of ancient philosophers and physicists have to put in their time and we have to accept to review their results based on what we have learned since. The history of scientific discoveries is very important. It must be written by historians, neutral, ie not engaged in scientific or political positions. The use of dictionaries, encyclopedias and science archives has evolved in recent years. Encyclopedias disappear or become unusable directly: conventional because the dates of the items are never mentioned, and no reference exists that would guide theories to date with the latest research recognized by a leading authority on its part, if it exists. Wikipedia because all information is regularly "updated" by unknown scientists who bring their latest findings, marked and limited by their ideas that become the truth. There are experts to write articles for Wikipedia. In the years 2,000, there was talk of the Hubble constant, the value of which varied greatly, and had then been abandoned. It was there only 10 years ago... Now they say Hubble discovered the expansion of the Universe that we did not speak. In his time Newton's ideas about the gravitational attraction, were not accepted and were taken over, two centuries later, by Einstein with the theory of relativity that has never been proven, despite cosmologists statements. Moreover, this theory uses the speed of light, which is not constant, and no one ever explained seriously nor light, nor its speed, nor the creation from nothing, photons and other virtual particles. The definition of antimatter says it cannot exist and is used in the experiments, in particular colliders. of is rotated it "particles", forgetting that nothing can move other than straight, even with the help of magnetism that has never been explained either. Physics becomes philosophy of nature, like in its infancy, 2,500 years ago, when everything had to be learned and known There is always as much to invent, discover and learn.   7,3 - The Big Bang In 2,005, the age of the Universe was 12 billion years. Astronomers have continued to observe with constantly improving devices and they found older galaxies. So, the age of the Universe was put back, first by a billion years and then another billion. Then, it was blocked at 13.8 billion years and astronomers do not dare suggest older galaxies anymore. Nowadays, in 2,016, with the significant improvement of observation equipment, astronomers observe other galaxies that were fully mature, a few million years after the birth of the Universe. When have they been created? How can we observe variations in the cosmic microwave background, 300 million years after the big bang when the galaxies of the same era are barely visible with the current sophisticated equipment? In March 2013, astrophysicists would have observed gravitational wave vibrations in the "cosmic background space" during the first second of the Universe, thereby confirming, they say, the validity of the Big Bang. It's amazing that a viewing device has "seen" the vibrations of what was the space, through waves, due to disturbances that we have not been able to observe on Earth despite many trials during the last twenty years. So, somebody declared that they were being made faster in the "beginning" of the Universe, without explaining for what reason this happened… Probably because everything was there and it was enough to make them grow, a theory that Gamow developed 20 years after the presentation of his theory of a primordial atom by Georges Lemaitre. A large atom of which nobody showed the origin or the very reason for its existence in who knows what, probably a chaos, exceedingly full of everything… The Lemaître' atom was reduced to a point without specific dimension containing everything without precision. Gamow described the beginnings of the Universe of the Big Bang, based on what he knew of the physics of his time. This is quite normal and understandable, but how can he explained the transformation of matter and antimatter, the creation of photons for a light that no one has ever explained and so accurate timing of all events in a so short time… Since then, astronomers have observed that new stars are created with the remains of dead one. That seems natural because in the nebulae, where new stars are created, some heavy nuclei of atoms that have been created in a very high thermic agitation are present. We might also deduct from the above that dark matter could be the matter of dead stars, which transforms gradually in order to be used in the nebulae to make new stars. At the beginning of 2015, some scientists, after mathematical studies, dare to question the validity of the big bang, saying that the Universe always existed and will last forever, and others, with different developments and arguments indicate the expansion of space could not exist. Further studies are in progress. Results are expected by many scientists.  7,4 - Quantum Mechanics Quantum mechanics is a speculation that developed when mathematicians and physicists, at the beginning of the 20th century, tried to observe, with the equipment they had, objects of nanometric dimensions. As they could not see them, they replaced them with mathematical factors. As they could not see either the results they said they had no importance when the calculations were made. Following some observations, a physics was materialized in the Standard Model. This doctrine describes the forces and particles, including the Higgs boson, which never explained anything to the matter of our Earth and even more elements of the Universe. According to their rules, they tried to analyze everything including the wave-particle duality, theory confirmed by de Broglie, and of which has never been explained its reality or waves, or other items to which an unexplained frequency was attached. We have seen these issues in Chapter IV. Schrödinger indicated atom as the upper limit for the application of quantum mechanics. It is surprising that this area corresponds to a very human development of scientific knowledge or the quality of observation equipment, without meaning for the Universe. Nothing explains why, at this undefined stage of matter, there would exist a break or a change in the normal functioning of particles, forces and materials… Below this vague boundary, a different theoretical frame for physics would apply, based on electron clouds, wave functions, the Planck dimensions, standard model particles and the intricacies of certain particles without indicating limits that, without them, could lead to a general uncomprehending and absurd entanglement. Apparently, quantum mechanics would only affect this part of the physics. Has any physicist, quantum physicist or otherwise, tried to imagine how matter could pass from a physics domain to another, or how could object, such as a human being, depend on different sets of rules of both physics? To provide a solidity to mathematical studies, quantum physicists gave new names to different forms of quasi-forces and to ephemeral particles, which enabled the progress of their research. With time and dissemination of studies taken up by all researchers and students in physics, mathematics results were transformed into laws of quantum mechanics. Elements, resulting from it, are possible by chance. Some so-called elementary particles of the Standard Model are likely to exist as being composed of electrons. But no indication is ever given for their implication in the creation of matter in any form whatsoever. The Planck dimensions are based on so-called fundamental constants. They are very human indeed because they are supposed to depend on observations that would have been made, and with variable measures put into numbers, varying with the nationalities of researchers and with the units of measuring they decided to use. In quantum mechanics, the mass or energy quanta replace particles and the renormalization is a surprising mathematical technique that allows researchers to change mathematical results considered incorrect, according to no determined criteria, varying with their users. Infinities are impossible in physics, and they have been applied in a mathematical sense to particles, which led bizarrely to the concept of antimatter.   7,5 - Antimatter This "substance" was born in 1928, out of a Paul Dirac equation, as much a physicist than mathematician. He believed that the Universe was subject to mathematical rules. While others also believe it, no one ever found, mathematical sense of the Universe and all the objects it contains, including the Earth and ourselves. Antimatter is supposed to have been another state of matter in the early phase of the big bang Universe. How do we know this? No observation has been made of it, either in the period of the Big Bang, or currently… This is the concretisation of a mathematical tool that has no physical justification. In our Universe, that we touch, of which we are component parts, there are a very wide variety of materials. We can wonder why would any of them be incompatible with others and would make them disappear according to rules that can not exist in a Universe in which we know neither a conscience nor an established programme. It is surprising that physicists particle colliders say they use positrons, while the usual theory says they can not exist in our actual matter with that which exists in and around in colliders. Physicists say they have found the antimatter. The explanations are difficult. To form, it would have "anti" elements, more primordial, exist or are created without encountering material components "normal." Is this possible? But antimatter has been observed, according to scientists, and biologists make it for use in medicine. We think that they create some compounds that are almost similar to what would be their anti compounds. Combined with other elements, they form bodies whose characteristics suit these researchers. It is a natural and understandable phenomenon in the constitution of any material, and in particular the matter constituting living beings in which excessively varied proteins are continuously created, which are only slightly different from each other.  7,7 - Mathematics and Informatique Mathematic Science is tool created by men, according to their reasoning and habits of thoughts, which have changed little since the philosophers of 2,000 years ago. Nothing in our comments or reasoning has never indicated that mathematical rules could control or direct the phenomena of the Universe as we know by direct observations of random facts. The most comprehensive mathematical studies of the phenomena observed in the Universe, or the reflections on the same subjects, were used by Galileo and Newton, Descartes and Pascal. They have become more difficult to understand especially with Maxwell and Einstein. Then the School of Copenhagen has transformed physics mainly mathematical studies, bringing nothing to physics. The difficult mathematics studies have established around the physics of the Universe, the feeling that a strong knowledge in mathematics needed to understand it. This is not correct, Einstein was not a mathematician, he got help when needed. In the twentieth century Edward Lorenz, American meteorologist physicist studied chaotic system of the Universe, explaining the difficulty, or rather impossibility of forecasting based on observations of figures of randomly made events. He confirmed the impossibility of weather forecasting despite the use of very powerful and sophisticated equipment. All information we collect does not predict events. We explain this in the first chapter of this essay with the study of chance. In recent years, with very powerful informatics hardware, simulations are carried out to explain certain phenomena or provide other. The information used are the same as those of mathematics, that is to say, numbers or other factors observed as a result of new events that are all made randomly. Despite extensive studies, the results are never satisfactory, both physically and in every other science of the phenomena of the Universe, astronomy, biology, those relating to the hardware operation of the humanities, economics, psychology. All research results and reflections of researchers, and powerful machines such as the LHC, are accumulated in the archives. They can not be used for further studies or significant forecast phenomena such as meteorology, economics or biology, useful if not essential to the life of living beings. For the moment they cannot give, sometimes, a general trends of certain events. They can only be used effectively until they have been purged of all information about random phenomena. The tools for this does not exist yet. Their research, difficult, should be an important part of education in mathematics and computer technology. ©

Electronisme - Essay

Chapter VII

Other Theories & mathematics

7.1 - The knowledge and diffusion,
7.2 - History of sciences,
7,3 - The Big bang, 7.4 - Quantum Mechanics, 7.5 - Antimatter,
7.6 - Mathematics and Informatique

May 2016

7,1 - The knowledge and its diffusion

It is always difficult to find the origin of ideas and physics theories and their exact terms that would allow to well understand them.

Facts are explained by scientists, then some phrases that seem important, are repeated by all extension popularizers and journalists. They take all or part - with very frequent risk of changing the meaning - spectacular formulas or easy to understand even if they are not fair. This is the case for Einstein and his theory of relativity, antimatter appeared with Paul Dirac, light and frequencies of particles, electric and magnetic fields and the last, the Higgs field with its boson.

Extension workers, scientists or journalists write for their readers and their own reputation and to the truth that they know or wish to distribute. Some pictures with words or drawings are classics, such as cake and grapes to show some expansion of space, or the light which cannot escape from a black hole despite his good will… certainly.

The deformations of extension workers and journalists become more important than scientific truths that are hidden and disappear. Scholars and other curious then based on what seems true because it is of all known by everybody and new directions, often false, make the whole uncomprehending.

Many scholars and not the least known, then direct their research to philosophy, a discipline in which the key is to ask questions, not to find answers, because everyone has his own, indisputable.

No Physics or new idea can appear because everything is blocked by a complicated system of dissemination of scientific information which was gradually transformed into an economic package that empowers research. This concerns its organization and financing, economic and political environment and the lives and careers of scientists.

Scientists aspire to free diffusion of information on research in general, and their results. Currently, it is not, because the agencies that sort, manage and file in archives are too related to business-in charge of distribution.

Nothing is accepted in archive before control by "peers" secretly chosen by these organizations. Then, additional sorting is done by the "media" that disseminate and publish such information, according to their ideas about topics and taking into account not researchers or even the public, but the need for sensational news and their economic and financial interests.

1. In early 2016, it appeared, with the LHC, rumours of a possible major discovery. Two hundred researchers wrote their observations or conclusions. The usual publisher could not distribute but only four. It was he who chose them. On the criteria defined for him by strangers.
2. Thus science research is oriented.

To try bearing all or part of the disadvantages of the system, research or educational organizations create their own open archive system under their control, available to certain categories of researchers and technicians in well-established standards that give the scientific orientation of the moment in these organism. Each implicitly sets its science and the knowledge is confined in countless places, independent of each other or centralizing agencies, which technicians and scientists out of their norms cannot participate.

This results in a loss of all general scientific research.

Rules and barriers are necessary, but they cannot be fixed by private or state companies that broadcast their information and medals according to their criteria or reputation that are not necessarily scientistic.

It is a difficult global problem that all scientists are aware, but nobody feels empowered to resolve themselves or has the capacity to do this study.

It does not appear to archive organization that would easily find the latest research on specific topics in the various sciences. It could list all available archives in science, according to internationally established criteria.

Only a United Nations agency could create an institution of this kind. This might be asked UNESCO, already in charge of Science and Education.

7,2 - The History of Sciences

Studies of ancient philosophers and physicists have to put in their time and we have to accept to review their results based on what we have learned since.

The history of scientific discoveries is very important. It must be written by historians, neutral, ie not engaged in scientific or political positions.

The use of dictionaries, encyclopedias and science archives has evolved in recent years.

Encyclopedias disappear or become unusable directly: conventional because the dates of the items are never mentioned, and no reference exists that would guide theories to date with the latest research recognized by a leading authority on its part, if it exists.

Wikipedia because all information is regularly "updated" by unknown scientists who bring their latest findings, marked and limited by their ideas that become the truth.

1. There are experts to write articles for Wikipedia.

In the years 2,000, there was talk of the Hubble constant, the value of which varied greatly, and had then been abandoned. It was there only 10 years ago...

Now they say Hubble discovered the expansion of the Universe that we did not speak.

In his time Newton's ideas about the gravitational attraction, were not accepted and were taken over, two centuries later, by Einstein with the theory of relativity that has never been proven, despite cosmologists statements.

Moreover, this theory uses the speed of light, which is not constant, and no one ever explained seriously nor light, nor its speed, nor the creation from nothing, photons and other virtual particles.

1. The definition of antimatter says it cannot exist and is used in the experiments, in particular colliders. of is rotated it "particles", forgetting that nothing can move other than straight, even with the help of magnetism that has never been explained either.

Physics becomes philosophy of nature, like in its infancy, 2,500 years ago, when everything had to be learned and known

There is always as much to invent, discover and learn.

7,3 - The Big Bang

In 2,005, the age of the Universe was 12 billion years. Astronomers have continued to observe with constantly improving devices and they found older galaxies. So, the age of the Universe was put back, first by a billion years and then another billion.

Then, it was blocked at 13.8 billion years and astronomers do not dare suggest older galaxies anymore.

Nowadays, in 2,016, with the significant improvement of observation equipment, astronomers observe other galaxies that were fully mature, a few million years after the birth of the Universe. When have they been created?

2. How can we observe variations in the cosmic microwave background, 300 million years after the big bang when the galaxies of the same era are barely visible with the current sophisticated equipment?
3. In March 2013, astrophysicists would have observed gravitational wave vibrations in the "cosmic background space" during the first second of the Universe, thereby confirming, they say, the validity of the Big Bang. It's amazing that a viewing device has "seen" the vibrations of what was the space, through waves, due to disturbances that we have not been able to observe on Earth despite many trials during the last twenty years.

So, somebody declared that they were being made faster in the "beginning" of the Universe, without explaining for what reason this happened… Probably because everything was there and it was enough to make them grow, a theory that Gamow developed 20 years after the presentation of his theory of a primordial atom by Georges Lemaitre. A large atom of which nobody showed the origin or the very reason for its existence in who knows what, probably a chaos, exceedingly full of everything… The Lemaître' atom was reduced to a point without specific dimension containing everything without precision.

Gamow described the beginnings of the Universe of the Big Bang, based on what he knew of the physics of his time. This is quite normal and understandable, but how can he explained the transformation of matter and antimatter, the creation of photons for a light that no one has ever explained and so accurate timing of all events in a so short time…

Since then, astronomers have observed that new stars are created with the remains of dead one. That seems natural because in the nebulae, where new stars are created, some heavy nuclei of atoms that have been created in a very high thermic agitation are present. We might also deduct from the above that dark matter could be the matter of dead stars, which transforms gradually in order to be used in the nebulae to make new stars.

At the beginning of 2015, some scientists, after mathematical studies, dare to question the validity of the big bang, saying that the Universe always existed and will last forever, and others, with different developments and arguments indicate the expansion of space could not exist.

Further studies are in progress.

Results are expected by many scientists.

7,4 - Quantum Mechanics

Quantum mechanics is a speculation that developed when mathematicians and physicists, at the beginning of the 20th century, tried to observe, with the equipment they had, objects of nanometric dimensions. As they could not see them, they replaced them with mathematical factors. As they could not see either the results they said they had no importance when the calculations were made.

Following some observations, a physics was materialized in the Standard Model. This doctrine describes the forces and particles, including the Higgs boson, which never explained anything to the matter of our Earth and even more elements of the Universe.

According to their rules, they tried to analyze everything including the wave-particle duality, theory confirmed by de Broglie, and of which has never been explained its reality or waves, or other items to which an unexplained frequency was attached. We have seen these issues in Chapter IV.

Schrödinger indicated atom as the upper limit for the application of quantum mechanics. It is surprising that this area corresponds to a very human development of scientific knowledge or the quality of observation equipment, without meaning for the Universe. Nothing explains why, at this undefined stage of matter, there would exist a break or a change in the normal functioning of particles, forces and materials…

Below this vague boundary, a different theoretical frame for physics would apply, based on electron clouds, wave functions, the Planck dimensions, standard model particles and the intricacies of certain particles without indicating limits that, without them, could lead to a general uncomprehending and absurd entanglement.

Apparently, quantum mechanics would only affect this part of the physics.

1. Has any physicist, quantum physicist or otherwise, tried to imagine how matter could pass from a physics domain to another, or how could object, such as a human being, depend on different sets of rules of both physics?

To provide a solidity to mathematical studies, quantum physicists gave new names to different forms of quasi-forces and to ephemeral particles, which enabled the progress of their research. With time and dissemination of studies taken up by all researchers and students in physics, mathematics results were transformed into laws of quantum mechanics.

Elements, resulting from it, are possible by chance. Some so-called elementary particles of the Standard Model are likely to exist as being composed of electrons. But no indication is ever given for their implication in the creation of matter in any form whatsoever.

The Planck dimensions are based on so-called fundamental constants. They are very human indeed because they are supposed to depend on observations that would have been made, and with variable measures put into numbers, varying with the nationalities of researchers and with the units of measuring they decided to use.

In quantum mechanics, the mass or energy quanta replace particles and the renormalization is a surprising mathematical technique that allows researchers to change mathematical results considered incorrect, according to no determined criteria, varying with their users.

Infinities are impossible in physics, and they have been applied in a mathematical sense to particles, which led bizarrely to the concept of antimatter.

7,5 - Antimatter

This "substance" was born in 1928, out of a Paul Dirac equation, as much a physicist than mathematician. He believed that the Universe was subject to mathematical rules. While others also believe it, no one ever found, mathematical sense of the Universe and all the objects it contains, including the Earth and ourselves.

Antimatter is supposed to have been another state of matter in the early phase of the big bang Universe.

How do we know this? No observation has been made of it, either in the period of the Big Bang, or currently…

This is the concretisation of a mathematical tool that has no physical justification.

In our Universe, that we touch, of which we are component parts, there are a very wide variety of materials. We can wonder why would any of them be incompatible with others and would make them disappear according to rules that can not exist in a Universe in which we know neither a conscience nor an established programme.

1. It is surprising that physicists particle colliders say they use positrons, while the usual theory says they can not exist in our actual matter with that which exists in and around in colliders.

Physicists say they have found the antimatter.

The explanations are difficult. To form, it would have "anti" elements, more primordial, exist or are created without encountering material components "normal." Is this possible?

But antimatter has been observed, according to scientists, and biologists make it for use in medicine.

We think that they create some compounds that are almost similar to what would be their anti compounds. Combined with other elements, they form bodies whose characteristics suit these researchers. It is a natural and understandable phenomenon in the constitution of any material, and in particular the matter constituting living beings in which excessively varied proteins are continuously created, which are only slightly different from each other.

7,7 - Mathematics and Informatique

Mathematic Science is tool created by men, according to their reasoning and habits of thoughts, which have changed little since the philosophers of 2,000 years ago.

Nothing in our comments or reasoning has never indicated that mathematical rules could control or direct the phenomena of the Universe as we know by direct observations of random facts.

The most comprehensive mathematical studies of the phenomena observed in the Universe, or the reflections on the same subjects, were used by Galileo and Newton, Descartes and Pascal. They have become more difficult to understand especially with Maxwell and Einstein. Then the School of Copenhagen has transformed physics mainly mathematical studies, bringing nothing to physics.

The difficult mathematics studies have established around the physics of the Universe, the feeling that a strong knowledge in mathematics needed to understand it. This is not correct, Einstein was not a mathematician, he got help when needed.

In the twentieth century Edward Lorenz, American meteorologist physicist studied chaotic system of the Universe, explaining the difficulty, or rather impossibility of forecasting based on observations of figures of randomly made events. He confirmed the impossibility of weather forecasting despite the use of very powerful and sophisticated equipment.

All information we collect does not predict events. We explain this in the first chapter of this essay with the study of chance.

In recent years, with very powerful informatics hardware, simulations are carried out to explain certain phenomena or provide other.

The information used are the same as those of mathematics, that is to say, numbers or other factors observed as a result of new events that are all made randomly.

Despite extensive studies, the results are never satisfactory, both physically and in every other science of the phenomena of the Universe, astronomy, biology, those relating to the hardware operation of the humanities, economics, psychology.

All research results and reflections of researchers, and powerful machines such as the LHC, are accumulated in the archives. They can not be used for further studies or significant forecast phenomena such as meteorology, economics or biology, useful if not essential to the life of living beings.

For the moment they cannot give, sometimes, a general trends of certain events.

They can only be used effectively until they have been purged of all information about random phenomena.

The tools for this does not exist yet.

Their research, difficult, should be an important part of education in mathematics and computer technology.

Mathematics, Big-Bang, Fields, Quantum Mechanics, Antimatter, Strings Theories